Foreword: Alternatives to Imprisonment: Recent International Developments --- Oren Gazal-Ayal and Julian V. Roberts --- i
Articulating the Custody Threshold --- Neil Hutton --- 1
Community Sanctions as Substitutes to Imprisonment in the Nordic Countries --- Tapio Lappi-Seppälä --- 17
Suspended Sentences and Free-Standing Probation Orders in U.S. Guidelines Systems: A Survey and Assessment --- Richard S. Frase --- 51
Suspended Sentences in Australia: Uncertain, Unstable, Unpopular, and Unnecessary? --- Arie Freiberg --- 81
Suspended Sentences and Service Labor in Israel—From Alternatives to Imprisonment to Net-Widening --- Nevine Emmanuel and Oren Gazal-Ayal --- 111
Swimming Against the Tide: The Suspended Sentence Order in England and Wales, 2000-2017 --- Keir Irwin-Rogers and Julian V. Roberts --- 137
Missed Opportunities: A Postmortem on Canada’s Experience with the Conditional Sentence --- Cheryl Marie Webster and Anthony N. Doob --- 163
Targeting Poverty in the Courts: Improving the Measurement of Ability to Pay --- Meghan M. O’Neil and J.J. Prescott --- 199
Exploring Probation Supervision Compliance in the Netherlands --- Pauline G.M. Aarten --- 227